Autoneum Holding Ltd (“the Company”) was incorporated on December 2, 2010 as a Swiss corporation domiciled in Winterthur. The Company has been listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (AUTN, ISIN: CH0127480363) since May 13, 2011. Autoneum Holding Ltd together with its subsidiaries will henceforth be referred to as “Autoneum Group”, “Group” or “Autoneum”. A list of subsidiaries, associated companies and non-consolidated investments of Autoneum Group can be found in note 35.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The consolidated financial statements are based on historical cost, with the exception of employee benefit assets and liabilities, which are measured at the fair value of the plan assets less the present value of the defined benefit obligation, and specific financial instruments, which are measured at fair value. The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on February 28, 2023 and are subject to approval by the Annual General Meeting of shareholders on March 23, 2023.

The consolidated financial statements are published exclusively in English. Due to rounding, numbers presented throughout this report may not add up precisely to the totals provided. All ratios and variances are calculated using the underlying amount rather than the presented rounded amount.

The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the Group’s accounting policies and the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities, the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities in future periods. Other disclosures relating to the Group’s exposure to risks and uncertainties include the risk management process (refer to note 2) and the sensitivity analyses of defined benefit plans (refer to note 24).

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made the following judgment in connection with the consolidation of entities in which the Group holds less than the majority of voting rights.

Assessing whether Autoneum has control over an entity includes all facts and circumstances that may indicate that the Group is able to direct the relevant activities and key decisions. Autoneum concludes that it has control over certain entities in which it holds 50% (refer to note 22), based on specific rights allocated. Facts and circumstances indicating that Autoneum controls an entity may change and lead to a reassessment of the management’s conclusion.

In rare circumstances, IFRS 16 requires management judgment in order to determine an appropriate lease term. The application of IFRS 16 is outlined in note 1.9.

Key assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the next financial year include the following:

Impairment losses on tangible assets are assessed based on estimated cash flows, which may vary from actual cash flows. Important assumptions to consider are useful lives, growth rates, achievable margins, utilization levels and the discount rates.

Preproduction costs that are capitalized in the balance sheet include mainly employee costs. Testing for impairment of the capitalized preproduction costs requires management to estimate both the total future consideration and total future costs of a project.

For defined benefit plans, actuarial valuations which are the basis for the employee benefit assets and liabilities in the balance sheet are carried out regularly. These calculations are based on statistical and actuarial assumptions. In particular, the present value of the defined benefit obligation is affected by assumptions such as discount rate, expected future salary growth and the life expectancy. Other assumptions for the valuation are derived from statistical data such as mortality tables and staff turnover rates. Actuaries are independent from Autoneum. Assumptions may differ significantly from actual results. These deviations can ultimately have an effect on the employee benefit assets or liabilities in future periods (refer to note 24).

In the course of the ordinary operating activities of Autoneum Group, obligations from guarantee and warranty, litigation and non-income tax risk, and environmental risk can arise. Provisions for these obligations are measured on the basis of estimated future cash outflow. The outcome of these business transactions may result in claims against Autoneum that may be below or above the related provisions. Provisions for litigation and non-income tax risk comprise complex cases that include material uncertainties. Environmental provisions are recognized for the expected costs for the cleanup and reconstruction of contaminated sites that are interdependent of many uncertainties, such as Autoneum’s share of the cost or the applicable approach for determining these costs. The financial impact of these cases for future periods can only be estimated, because uncertainties relating to amount and date of cash outflow exist (refer to note 25).

Assumptions in relation to income taxes include interpretations of the tax regulations in place in the relevant countries. The adequacy of these interpretations is assessed by the tax authorities. This can result, at a later stage, in changes in the income tax expenses. To determine whether a deferred income tax asset on tax loss carryforwards may be recognized requires judgment in assessing whether there will be future taxable profits against which these tax loss carryforwards can be offset (refer to note 11).

Except as described below, the accounting policies applied in these consolidated financial statements are the same as those applied in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021.

New and revised standards and interpretations effective as of January 1, 2022 have been applied but did not have any significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

The following new and revised standards and interpretations have been issued, but are not yet effective. They have not been applied early in these consolidated financial statements. However, a preliminary assessment has been conducted by the management and the expected impact of each standard and interpretation is presented in the following table.

On October 8, 2021 more than 135 countries worldwide agreed to a reform on international taxation (OECD Framework). The OECD Framework comprises two pillars. Pillar one involves rules for reallocating taxable income to countries where the income is sourced. Pillar two provides for a minimum taxation per country at a tax rate of 15%. The implementation of the OECD Framework requires and will lead to changes in national tax laws and potentially tax rates for corporations. Implications for the assessment of tax assets and liabilities depend in particular on how and by when the various countries will adopt the OECD Framework in their local tax laws. Autoneum is tracking the progress of the legislative procedures in the countries in which it operates. As of December 31, 2022 information on local implementation laws was deemed insufficient to derive potential quantitative implications reliably.

Since the outbreak of war in Ukraine, new bottlenecks in global supply chains have impacted vehicle manufacturers’ production volumes and thus dampened earnings and revenue development for the automotive supply industry, especially in Europe. Current developments are accompanied by accelerated inflation and significant price increases in the commodities markets, which the war in Ukraine has further exacerbated. The Group has been impacted by rising material, energy and transport costs.

In 2022, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus represented approximately 0.1% of the Group’s net revenue (2021: 0.3%), while assets in Russia accounted for approximately 0.2% of total assets of the Group (December 31, 2021: 0.3%). Currently, the Group’s activities within Russia continue with the existing contracts. The current management assessment has not resulted in an impairment loss.

The consolidated financial statements of Autoneum Holding Ltd include the Company and its subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date on which control commences until the date on which control is lost.

Acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method. Intercompany transactions are eliminated. If Autoneum does not have control over entities but significant influence, which is usually the case if Autoneum holds interests of between 20% and 50%, these investments are classified as associated companies and accounted for using the equity method. Interests of less than 20% where Autoneum does not have significant influence are classified as non-consolidated investments and are accounted for at fair value. The subsidiaries, associated companies and non-consolidated investments are listed in note 35.

Items included in the financial statements of each Group company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the company operates (“functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are prepared in Swiss francs, which is the functional currency and the reporting currency of Autoneum Holding Ltd.

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency by applying the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the income statement. For consolidation purposes, items in the balance sheet of foreign subsidiaries are translated at year-end exchange rates, while income statement items are translated at average rates for the period. The resulting currency translation differences are recognized in other comprehensive income and, in the event of a disposal of a foreign operation, transferred to the income statement as part of the gain or loss from disposal.

The Argentinian and Turkish economies have exceeded 100 inflation points in the last 36 months (Argentina since 2018, Türkiye since 2022), based on consumer price indexes (CPI). Therefore, both economies are considered to be hyperinflationary in the current reporting period, in accordance with the criteria in IAS 29 “Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies”. The standard requires that the financial statements prepared in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy be stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the reporting date. The financial statements of the Argentinian and Turkish subsidiaries were restated accordingly before being translated and included in the consolidated financial statements of the Group.

Tangible assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Historical cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets. Useful life is determined according to the expected utilization of each asset. The relevant ranges are as follows:

Buildings 20–50 years
Machinery and plant equipment 5–15 years
Data-processing equipment 4–8 years
Vehicles and furniture 3–10 years

Components of certain assets with different useful lives are depreciated separately. Gains or losses arising from the disposal of tangible assets are recognized in the income statement. Costs of maintenance and repair are charged to the income statement as incurred. The residual values and useful lives of tangible assets are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date.

The Group leases various buildings, vehicles, machineries and other assets. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions.

Leases are recognized as right-of-use assets as part of tangible assets and corresponding lease liabilities at the commencement date. Each lease payment is allocated between the lease liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis and charged to profit or loss. Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis, using the rate implicit in the lease if this rate could be readily determined. If not, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, which reflects the refinancing costs of Autoneum.

At the commencement date, right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:

At the commencement date, lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments. The following lease payments are included in the net present value:

The Group recognizes short-term leases and leases for which the underlying asset is of low value as operating expenses in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Low-value assets are those not exceeding an amount of CHF 5 000.

Extension and termination options are included in a number of lease agreements across the Group. In determining the lease term, the management considers all facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise an extension option, or not to exercise a termination option. Extension options are only included in the lease term if the Group is reasonably certain to extend the contract.

Intangible assets such as product licenses, patents and trademark rights as well as software acquired from third parties are included in the balance sheet at acquisition cost and are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of up to eight years. The residual values and useful lives of intangible assets are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date. Autoneum has neither in the current reporting period nor in the prior period intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life recorded in the balance sheet. Autoneum has no goodwill capitalized in the balance sheet.

Tangible assets, intangible assets and other assets (non-current) are tested for impairment if there are indications that, due to changed circumstances, their carrying value may no longer be fully recoverable. If such a situation arises, the recoverable amount is determined. This is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less cost to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. If the recoverable amount is below the carrying amount, a corresponding impairment loss is recognized in the income statement. Where the recoverable amount cannot be determined for an individual asset, it is determined for the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. To determine the value of an asset, estimates of the expected future cash flows from both usage and disposal are made.

In order to be able to deliver an OEM with serial parts over the production period, Autoneum designs and develops a serial part based on its existing product technologies that meets the OEM’s specifications and prepares its manufacturing process allowing serial production over the production period, which is usually between five and eight years. The costs for this process qualify as costs to fulfill a contract and are capitalized as preproduction costs in the line item other assets. Those costs are capitalized when the costs are directly attributable to a project, which means between the nomination date and start of production, the costs enhance resources of the entity that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future, and the costs are expected to be recovered. The majority of costs that fulfill those requirements are employee costs that are allocated to specific projects, either based on actual hours entered by employees multiplied by an hourly cost rate, or where hourly records are not available, based on estimates made by controlling staff. The capitalized preproduction costs are amortized in the income statement in the line item material expenses over the period when revenue from the sale of the serial parts is recognized, which is usually between five and eight years.

Where the carrying amount of the capitalized preproduction costs exceeds the remaining amount of consideration that Autoneum will receive minus the remaining costs that Autoneum will incur to fulfill the contract, an impairment loss is recognized immediately.

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. Trade receivables are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 (refer to note 1.22). The Group initially measures all other financial assets at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortized cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Group commits to purchasing or selling the asset.

For subsequent measurement, Autoneum classifies its financial assets in three categories:

A financial asset is primarily derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a “pass-through arrangement”.

The Group recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate.

ECLs are recognized in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next twelve months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).

For trade receivables and contract assets, the Group applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. The Group calculates ECLs according to a provision matrix based on days the amounts are past due. Publicly available credit default probabilities for the individual customer based on their ratings are further used in the assessment.

As Autoneum has not encountered material credit losses in the past, the Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 180 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.

Financial liabilities are classified at initial recognition as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, or as financial liabilities at amortized cost. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of financial liabilities at amortized cost, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, and derivative financial instruments.

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the income statement.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

The Group uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts, to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

Raw materials, consumables and purchased parts are valued at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Semi-finished goods and finished goods are valued at the lower of manufacturing cost or net realizable value. Valuation adjustments are made for obsolete materials and excess stock.

Cash and cash equivalents include bank accounts and time deposits with original maturities from the date of acquisition of up to three months.

Ordinary shares are classified as equity since the shares are non-redeemable and any dividends are discretionary.

When shares are repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid is recognized as a deduction from equity and presented as a separate component in equity. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the amount received is recognized as an increase in equity and the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recognized in retained earnings.

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are discounted if the impact is significant.

Income taxes comprise both current and deferred income taxes. Normally, income taxes are recognized in the income statement, unless they are linked to a position that is recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. In this case, the income taxes are also recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

Current income taxes are calculated and accrued on the basis of taxable income for the year. Deferred income taxes on temporary differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts determined for local tax purposes are calculated using the liability method. Deferred income taxes are measured at the tax rate expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset to the extent that an entity has a legally enforceable right to offset current income taxes, and the deferred income taxes relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and relate to the same taxable entity.

Temporary differences resulting from investments in Group companies are not considered if Autoneum is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and if it is probable that these temporary differences will not reverse in future.

The tax impact of losses and deductible temporary differences is capitalized to the extent it appears probable that such losses and deductible temporary differences will be offset in the future by taxable income.

Employee pension plans are operated by certain subsidiaries, depending upon the level of coverage provided by the government pension facilities in the various countries in which they are present. Some are provided by independent pension funds. If there is no independent pension fund, the respective obligations are shown in the balance sheet under employee benefit liabilities. As a rule, pensions are funded by employees’ and employers’ contributions. Pension plans exist on the basis of both defined contribution and defined benefit.

Pension liabilities arising from defined benefit plans are calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The discount rate used for the calculation is based on interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension obligation. Remeasurement gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Pension cost relating to services rendered in the reporting period is recognized in the income statement as current service cost. Pension cost relating to services rendered in previous periods as a result of new or amended pension benefits is recognized in the income statement as past service cost. The net interest expenses or income on the net defined benefit liability or asset for the period is determined by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the period to the then net defined benefit liability or asset, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. The net interest expenses or income is recognized in financial expenses or income. The fair value of plan assets is deducted from the defined benefit obligations. Any asset resulting from this calculation is only capitalized up to an amount not exceeding benefits from future contribution reductions or refunds.

In the case of defined contribution plans, the contributions are recognized as expenses in the period in which they were incurred.

Share-based payments to members of the Board of Directors, the Executive Board and senior management are measured at fair value at the grant date, and recognized in the income statement over the vesting period. The fair value is assessed based on the current market price and taking into account a discount for dividends that will not be collected by the beneficiary because the transfer of the shares is deferred. For share-based payments that are settled with equity instruments, a corresponding increase in equity is recognized.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. The Group recognizes revenue when it transfers control over a good or service to a customer.

The main business of Autoneum is to develop and produce multifunctional and lightweight components and systems for noise and heat protection for its customers, i.e., Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM). Autoneum and the OEM agree on a contract upon nomination. The contracts include that Autoneum sells serial parts to the OEM over a production period of five to eight years. The serial parts are manufactured using a tool, which is either manufactured by Autoneum or procured by a third-party supplier and which is sold to the OEM, usually before start of production. As a result, Autoneum agrees on two different kinds of performance obligations upon nomination: a performance obligation for each serial part that will be delivered to the OEM during the serial production period and a performance obligation for the procurement of the tools. Revenue is allocated to the performance obligations based on the selling price that is agreed with the OEM.

The majority of total revenue (more than 90%) is generated with the sale of the serial parts to the OEM and a minor part of total revenue (less than 10%) is generated with the sale of the tools to the OEM.

Upon nomination, the OEM and Autoneum agree on a sales price per serial part and agree that Autoneum will produce and deliver the serial parts to the OEM over its complete serial production period. The OEM and Autoneum agree on a contract that includes an expected quantity of serial products that will be delivered to the OEM, as the final quantity of required serial parts depends on the number of cars that the OEM will produce. Revenue from the sale of the serial parts is recognized at the point in time when control of the parts is transferred to the OEM, which is according to the delivery terms that are agreed with the OEM. Revenue is recognized based on the applicable sales price at the point in time the serial parts are transferred to the OEM. Control of the tools is transferred to the OEM at the point in time when the OEM accepts the tool.

Revenue recognized from contracts with customers is disclosed as revenue in the consolidated financial statements.

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualified asset are capitalized as a part of the acquisition costs of the qualified asset. All other financing costs are recognized directly in the income statement.

Government grants are assistance by government in the form of transfers of resources in return for compliance with certain conditions. Government grants related to capital expenditure (investment premiums) are initially recognized as a liability and subsequently recognized over the useful life of the subsidized tangible asset. If a government grant is awarded for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to an entity rather than an incentive to undertake specific expenditures, the grant is recognized in profit or loss of the period in which it becomes receivable and is deducted on the related expenses.

EBIT as a subtotal includes all income and expenses before addition/deduction of financial income, financial expenses, share of profit of associated companies and income taxes. EBITDA as a subtotal includes EBIT before deduction of depreciation and impairment of tangible assets as well as amortization and impairment of intangible assets.

Autoneum maintains an internal control system with the objective of ensuring effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability of financial reporting and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The internal control system is an important part of the risk management system.

The process of risk management is governed by the regulation “Autoneum Risk Management System”, which was adopted by the Board of Directors. The regulation defines the main categories of risk, which serve as a basis of the risk management, and the bodies that deal within the Group with the various risks. In addition, the regulation defines the procedures for detecting, reporting and managing risk and the criteria for qualitative and quantitative risk assessment.

The regulation defines the following main risk categories: strategic risk, operational risk, financial risk, compliance risk, capital risk, litigation, legal, environmental, human right violation and other corporate responsibility risk (e.g. political, organizational, social and work safety risk).

Besides the financial and capital risk (refer to paragraphs 2.1 and 2.2 respectively), the following risks within the main risk categories are a focus of Autoneum:

Strategic risk resulting from developments in the relevant markets and of the products offered therein is assessed as part of the strategic planning and financial planning processes. Strategic risk and operational risk are regularly reviewed at meetings within the Business Groups and with the CEO and the CFO of the Group. These meetings also deal with other risks impacting actual performance against budget, in order to identify and implement corrective measures.

Risks resulting from divestments or other major projects are monitored at Group level within the framework of authorities and approvals for the respective project. Quarterly project review reports are prepared for the attention of the Board of Directors.

Specific risks are addressed by periodic reports in dedicated bodies. Such reports cover environmental and work safety risk at the various sites, treasury risk and risk from legal actions and compliance.

An aggregate review of all identified risks and of the instruments and measures to address them is performed on a semi-annual basis by the Risk Council, consisting of representatives of all Business Groups and Corporate functions. The review results are reported to the Board of Directors and the Group Executive Board.

As a result of its worldwide activities Autoneum is exposed to various financial risks, such as credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and price risk).

Autoneum’s financial risk management aims to minimize the potential adverse impact of the development of the financial markets on the Group’s financial performance and to secure its financial stability. This may include the use of derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures. Financial risks are identified primarily locally and evaluated and managed centrally by Group Treasury in close cooperation with the Group’s legal units.

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as from exposures to customers, including outstanding receivables, contract assets and committed transactions. Credit risk may result in a financial loss if one party in a transaction is unable or unwilling to meet its obligations. It is Autoneum’s objective to limit the impact of a default. The maximum risk of these positions corresponds to the book values of financial instruments that are classified as financial assets at amortized cost (refer to note 29).

Credit risk of financial counterparties is monitored centrally by Group Treasury. Significant relationships with banks and financial institutions are basically only entered into with counterparties which would receive a BBB rating or higher in the categories of the largest rating agencies like e.g. Fitch. At the date of reporting, management does not expect significant losses from non-performance by financial institutions where funds are invested or financial transactions are outstanding.

Autoneum maintains business relationships with all significant automotive manufacturers and has a geographically broad, diversified customer portfolio. No customer accounted for more than 15.7% (2021: 15.5%) of Autoneum’s revenue. The Group monitors the creditworthiness of its key customers by using independent ratings (if available) and by taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors. The related credit risk is considered low at the date of reporting. In accordance with IFRS 9, the Group calculates the Expected Credit Loss according to a provision matrix based on days the amounts are past due. For trade receivables which are not overdue by more than 180 days, expected credit losses are determined by using publicly available credit default probabilities for the individual customer based on their ratings. If at this stage information indicating a higher collection risk for individual customers is available, individual allowances are recognized for the respective balances. The risk of an impairment loss increases significantly for open trade receivable balances that are overdue for more than 180 days. Unless the open balance is negligible, an individual assessment is performed to estimate expected credit losses. Individual assessments incorporate forward-looking information such as macroeconomic forecasts.

The average expected loss rates for trade receivables per aging category as well as for contract assets are as follows:

The objective of liquidity risk management is to ensure that sufficient financial resources are available at any point in time in order to be able to completely fulfill all payment obligations of the Group when due. As part of an integral budgeting and forecasting process, Group Treasury centrally monitors the planned liquidity position of the Group. Group Treasury compares the planned liquidity requirements with the available funds to detect shortages at an early stage. The liquidity risk management of Autoneum includes the maintenance of sufficient liquidity reserves and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit lines.

Beside several smaller bilateral credit facilities with banks, Autoneum maintains a credit agreement for the medium- and long-term financing requirements with a group of twelve banks in the amount of CHF 350.0 million, which expires on October 31, 2027. The credit agreement was signed on October 31, 2022 and replaces the syndicated loan which was due to run until December 31, 2022 (refer to note 23). Furthermore, a bond in the amount of CHF 75.0 million with maturity as of July 4, 2023 and a bond in the amount of CHF 100.0 million with maturity as of December 8, 2025 have been issued, both of which are listed at the SIX Swiss Exchange (refer to note 23).

The following tables show the contractual maturities of Autoneum’s financial liabilities (including interest).

Due to the global nature of its activities, the Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange risk arises from investments in foreign subsidiaries (translation risk) as well as from transactions and financial assets or financial liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of a legal unit (transaction risk). In order to hedge transaction risk that cannot be eliminated through offsetting transactions in the same foreign currency (natural hedging), subsidiaries may use forward contracts, which are usually traded with banks via Group Treasury. The transaction risk from foreign currencies is monitored continuously.

The subsidiaries’ cash holdings with banks are denominated mostly in the functional currency of the subsidiary. The majority of the business transacted in Autoneum’s subsidiaries is also in their functional currency. At the reporting date, the Group held financial instruments which were denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the respective Group company as follows:

The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk mostly against the euro and the US dollar. The currency-related sensitivity of the Group against these two currencies is shown in the following table:

The potential impact on net result is mainly due to foreign exchange gains and losses on financial instruments as well as the translation of the profit or loss of foreign subsidiaries into Swiss francs for consolidation purposes. The impact on equity additionally includes currency translation adjustments arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign subsidiaries.

The interest rate risk of the Group relates to interest-bearing assets and liabilities. Floating interest rate positions are subject to cash flow interest risk. Fixed-interest positions are subject to fair value interest risk if measured at fair value. In general, Autoneum aims to maintain, in consideration of seasonal fluctuations, a balanced relation between fixed and floating interest-bearing financial liabilities as disclosed in note 23. The two bonds issued at fixed interest rates are not subject to any interest rate risk, whereas the long-term credit agreement with floating interest rates is subject to a cash flow interest risk. The Group analyzes the interest rate risk on a net basis. No hedging of the interest rate risk was performed in the reporting period or in the prior period.

Based on the interest-bearing assets and liabilities that existed at December 31, 2022 a 100 basis point higher level of the respective underlying refinancing base rates (e.g. SARON or other alternative reference rates) would lead to a CHF 1.4 million (2021: CHF 0.9 million) lower net result as well as equity of the Group on an annual basis. A 100 basis point lower level of those rates would lead to a CHF 0.6 million (2021: CHF 0.5 million) higher net result as well as equity of the Group on an annual basis.

Holding financial assets that are measured at fair value exposes Autoneum to a risk of price fluctuation. Autoneum holds a significant investment in Nihon Tokushu Toryo Co. Ltd., whose shares are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Autoneum is exposed to a price risk according to the fluctuations in the share price. This investment is classified as a financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income and changes in the share price do not impact profit or loss. The amount of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss that Autoneum held is not significant (refer to note 16 and note 29).

The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for the shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and to maintain an optimally leveraged capital structure in order to reduce the cost of capital. Autoneum aims to reach a stable investment grade rating as perceived by bank partners and debt investors.

Autoneum Group therefore targets a healthy balance sheet with an adequate portion of equity. In the mid-term, Autoneum aims for an equity ratio above 35%. As of December 31, 2022 the equity ratio equaled 29.4% (December 31, 2021: 30.0%). For the next few years, the dividend policy will depend on a number of factors, such as net result and the financial situation of the Group, the demand for capital and liquidity, the general business environment as well as legal and contractual restrictions. Subject to the foregoing, the Group intends to distribute at least 30% of its net result attributable to shareholders of Autoneum Holding Ltd. Dividends, if any, are expected to be declared and paid in Swiss francs.

There was no change in scope of consolidation in 2022. In 2021 Autoneum (Changsha) Management Co., Ltd. was liquidated.

Segment information is based on Autoneum Group’s internal organization and management structure as well as on the internal financial reporting to the Group Executive Board and the Board of Directors. The chief operating decision maker is the CEO.

Autoneum is the leading global automobile supplier in acoustic and thermal management for vehicles. Autoneum develops and produces multifunctional and lightweight components and systems for noise and heat protection and thereby enhances vehicle comfort.

The reporting is based on the following four reportable segments (Business Groups/BG): BG Europe, BG North America, BG Asia and BG SAMEA (South America, Middle East and Africa). “Corporate and elimination” include Autoneum Holding Ltd and the corporate center with its respective legal entities, an operation that produces parts for Autoneum’s manufacturing lines, investments in associates and inter-segment elimination. Transactions between the Business Groups are made on the same basis as with independent third parties.

The following customers accounted for more than 10% of annual revenue in 2022 or 2021:

Information on revenue by product group is not available. The major customers generate revenue in all geographic segments.

When Autoneum is nominated by an OEM the contract includes that Autoneum will manufacture a tool which is sold to the OEM before the start of production and that Autoneum will produce and deliver serial parts to the OEM over the production period, which is usually between five and eight years. As the OEM’s production volumes are continuously adapted to the market demand, the number of serial parts that Autoneum will deliver to the OEM can only be estimated. Autoneum expects that the contracts for which Autoneum was nominated as of December 31, 2022 will generate revenue of CHF 10.8 billion (December 31, 2021: CHF 10.2 billion) in future years.

Autoneum started a long-term incentive plan (LTI) for the management in 2012. Part of Autoneum’s net result is allocated to beneficiaries defined in advance by granting them shares of Autoneum Holding Ltd. The shares become property of the beneficiaries after a vesting period of 35 months, if the beneficiaries are then still employed by an Autoneum company. Immediate vesting occurs in case of death or retirement of the beneficiary. In case of employment termination, shares not yet vested lapse without compensation. Exceptions are possible at the discretion of the Nomination and Compensation Committee. Vesting occurs every year in April. Employee expenses resulting from share-based compensation in the course of the LTI are recognized over the vesting period. 3 315 shares (2021: no shares) valued at CHF 123.90 were granted in 2022, and expenses of CHF 0.1 million (2021: CHF 0.1 million) were recognized in wages and salaries.

Members of the Board of Directors receive part of their remuneration in Autoneum shares. 7 055 shares (2021: 5 414 shares) valued at CHF 121.47 (2021: CHF 178.02) were granted in 2022, and expenses of CHF 0.9 million (2021: CHF 1.0 million) were recognized in wages and salaries.

Members of the Group Executive Board receive part of their remuneration in Autoneum shares. 9 352 shares (2021: 6 273 shares) valued at a weighted average share price of CHF 117.74 (2021: CHF 182.74) were granted in 2022, and expenses of CHF 1.1 million (2021: CHF 1.1 million) were recognized in wages and salaries.

At the beginning of the 2020 financial year, the Board of Directors approved the one-off and extraordinary participation in a turnaround incentive plan (TIP), with a vesting period ending at the end of February 2023. According to the plan provisions, shares were granted exclusively in the 2020 financial year. The members of the Group’s senior management including the Group Executive Board were granted an individual, maximum number of Autoneum shares on a one-off basis in the 2020 financial year. The shares become property of the beneficiaries after a vesting period of 35 months, if the beneficiaries are then still employed by an Autoneum company and if the targets set for the turnaround are achieved at the end of the term of the TIP. The targets set are based on the profitability (EBIT) and free cash flow of the Group for the financial years 2020 to 2022, both criteria weighted 50% each. Minimum and maximum limits are defined for the weighted targets. The achievement of the minimum limit is a condition for the transfer of shares. The maximum limit corresponds to the maximum number of shares originally granted. Between the two limits, the actual number of shares transferred increases linearly. The entitlement to the other shares lapses without compensation.

The actual number of shares transferred is calculated after the end of the vesting period at the end of February 2023 taking into account the turnaround targets. Employee expenses resulting from share-based compensation in the course of the TIP are recognized over the vesting period. 8 701 shares valued at CHF 60.80 were granted in 2020, and no expenses were recognized in wages and salaries in 2022 (2021: CHF 0.2 million).

Miscellaneous income contains mainly income from release of unused provisions and various reimbursements among the Group.

Interest expenses include CHF 11.0 million (2021: CHF 11.8 million) interest expenses for lease liabilities, CHF 0.9 million (2021: CHF 0.9 million) amortization of transactions costs and CHF 0.5 million (2021: CHF 0.8 million) interest expenses for defined benefit plans.

Reconciliation between expected and actual income tax result:

The change in the average applicable income tax rate is mainly due to the different geographic composition of earnings before taxes.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities pertain to the following balance sheet line items:

The increase in the net deferred income tax asset by CHF 11.3 million (2021: change from a net deferred income tax liability of CHF 5.1 million to a net deferred income tax asset of CHF 1.4 million) relates to the deferred income tax income recognized in the consolidated income statement of CHF 12.6 million (2021: CHF 11.1 million), to the deferred income tax expense recognized in other comprehensive income of nil (2021: CHF 3.2 million), a negative inflation adjustment of CHF 0.4 million (2021: positive inflation adjustment of CHF 0.4 million) and to a negative currency translation adjustment of CHF 0.9 million (2021: negative currency translation adjustment of CHF 1.9 million).

No deferred income tax assets are recognized from deductible temporary differences in the amount of CHF 119.8 million (December 31, 2021: CHF 127.4 million). At the reporting date, tax loss carryforwards of CHF 103.8 million (December 31, 2021: CHF 84.3 million) are recognized for Group companies that incurred losses in 2022 or 2021 (2021 or 2020) supported by taxable temporary differences and expected future profitability.

The table below discloses tax loss carryforwards by their year of expiry:

The tax loss carryforwards for which no deferred income tax assets were recognized originate from countries with a deferred income tax rate of between 9% and 34% in both the reporting year and the prior year.

The table below discloses tax credits by their year of expiry:

The average number of shares outstanding is calculated based on the number of shares issued less the weighted average number of treasury shares held. At December 31, 2022, 7 206 shares in relation to the management’s long-term incentive plan (LTI) and the turnaround incentive plan (TIP) were excluded from the diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares calculation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

Tangible assets of CHF 0.5 million (December 31, 2021: CHF 0.4 million) are pledged as security for financial liabilities.

Lease accounting has impacted profit or loss and the consolidated statement of cash flows as follows:

Tangible assets are tested for impairment if there are indications that, due to changed circumstances, their carrying amount may no longer be recoverable. Neither in 2022 nor in 2021, material impairments have been identified as a result of this test and the carrying amount of the cash-generating units are recoverable.

The net book value of intangible assets contains mainly investments in an ERP system and does not include any internally generated intangible asset.

Investments in associated companies comprise the 30% share in SRN Sound Proof Co., Ltd., Chonburi, Thailand, the 25% share in Wuhan Nittoku Autoneum Sound-Proof Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China, the 25% share in Wuhan Nittoku Autoneum Auto Parts Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China, and the 25% share in ATN Auto Acoustics Inc., Kamioguchi, Japan. The investments in associated companies are measured using the equity method. The net book value of investments in associated companies changed as follows:

The decrease in investments in non-consolidated companies results from a change in the market value of the investment in Nihon Tokushu Toryo Co. Ltd. of CHF 2.9 million which is recognized in other comprehensive income.